Have you ever faced a life-changing decision that left you quite perplexed? Perhaps it involved your career, your future spouse, or a big move. Most likely with sweaty palms and a gnawing in the pit of your stomach you painstakingly surveyed your options, fearful of making the wrong choice. You sought counsel from others, prayed about it, and reflected carefully.
Your dilemma was a common experience we have all faced. In fact, an innate desire to navigate successfully the uncertainties of life is nothing new. From the beginning of time, effective people have devoted themselves to acquiring this skill. The ancients called this pursuit wisdom.
Wisdom in the ancient world included more than just expedient decision-making. It encompassed both skillful discernment and moral integrity. The wise person was not merely intelligent or clever. He was righteous. Of all the sages of the ancient Near East, Solomon is described in the OT as the wisest. “God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding beyond measure, and breadth of mind like the sand on the seashore, so that Solomon’s wisdom surpassed the wisdom of all the people of the east and all the wisdom of Egypt” (1 Kgs 4:29–30, ESV).
A chief sourcebook for Solomon’s wisdom is the book of Proverbs, which begins with the title “The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel” (Prov 1:1). In Proverbs, Solomon the sage presents the supremacy of divine wisdom to the young men of Israel so as to prepare them for the pressures and temptations they would face as future leaders. In the opening chapters (1–9), Solomon provides a tightly-woven series of ten wisdom speeches offering appropriate responses in light of life’s potential pitfalls. Interposing a brief beatitude (i.e., a blessing pronounced by an authority figure—in this case the sage himself) between two of these speeches, he offers a benediction for the young man who successfully acquires wisdom: “Blessed is the one who finds wisdom, and the one who gets understanding” (Prov 3:13, ESV). Solomon depicts in vivid terms the blessings which wisdom brings. “Length of days is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor. . . . She is a tree of life to those who take hold of her and any who hold firmly to her are blessed” (3:16, 18, author’s translation).
Solomon uses two highly descriptive metaphors to convey the benefits of wisdom. First, a promise of long life, riches, and honor represented symbols of royalty. The author of Chronicles presents David as possessing these traits at the end of his life: “Then he died at a good age, full of days, riches, and honor” (1 Chron 29:28, ESV). The reference suggests that wisdom affords to the young man advantages and privileges exclusive to the king, an exceptional figure who was viewed in the ancient world as the archetype of wisdom. Second, Solomon’s allusion to the tree of life harks back to the pristine environment of the garden of Eden. Before sin entered and perverted the created order, man was created in a state of moral purity. The metaphor describes wisdom’s ability to reverse the effects of the debilitating curse for those who obtain her insights.
Given the rich repository of wisdom that he had to draw upon, we might expect Solomon to have been surpassingly successful in applying these insights. Sadly, the Scriptures indicate this was not so. Instead we discover that “when Solomon was old his wives turned away his heart after other gods, and his heart was not wholly true to the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father” (1 Kgs 11:4, ESV). Solomon failed to live up to his own ideal of wisdom.
Through the lens of redemptive history, however, we are glad to discover that Solomon’s downfall is not the end of the story. Luke presents in his Gospel the boy Jesus as the ideal young sage who confounds the teachers of the Law at Jerusalem (2:41–51) and advances in his pursuit of deft insight: “Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature and in favor with God and man” (Luke 2:52, ESV). As the narrative of his life unfolds, Jesus consistently displays divine wisdom. In fact, Jesus not only answers each aspect of OT wisdom but also uniquely exhibits both blessings Solomon pronounced for the one who acquires wisdom. First, Jesus is poised to obtain all the requisite symbols of royalty. He will one day reign as the consummate Davidic king enjoying length of days, riches, and honor. Psalm 72 depicts Jesus Christ in his eschatological reign as the king who is feared and worshipped throughout all generations (vv. 5, 15, 19; length of days), who receives gold and tribute from the nations (vv. 9, 10, 15; riches), and whose fame is enduring and universal (vv. 17–19; honor). Second, through God’s redemptive wisdom Jesus has reversed the consequences of the destructive curse. The apostle Paul focuses on the reversal of the fall that Jesus has accomplished through his redemptive cross-work: “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us . . . so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles” (Gal 3:13–14, ESV). This integral connection between Jesus and wisdom reaches its apex as Paul ascribes to Christ this lofty summation: “And because of [God] you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption” (1 Cor 1:30, ESV). The believer can rejoice that God’s wisdom, manifest supremely in the cross of Christ, has confounded the world’s pseudo-wisdom. It is precisely here in the fullness of the person and work of our perfectly wise and redemptive sage, Jesus Christ, that our salvation—and eternal blessing—is secured.